Keyword – farmer

Paár, Ádám:

Two Periods of Populism in the USA

The populist movement, founded in the end of the 19th century in the USA, was a project based on writers. The movement, and the People’s Party (or Populist Party) based on it, promoted many progressive ideas, including progressive taxation, eight-hour workdays, women’s suffrage, and the protection of farmers and industrial workers, based on labour and farmer movement ideas. Politically, however, it was a failure, and the party was dissolved in 1908. Owing to the Great Depression, populism was reborn in the 1930s, and several self-appointed politicians came to voice old Populist slogans and phrases. The most famous of them, Governor of Louisiana Huey P. Long, served as a model for Governor Willie Stark, the protagonist of All the King’s Men, a novel by Robert Penn Warren. This paper presents the US populist movement based on two novels.

Keywords: capitalism, farmer, populism, the United States, utopia

Paár, Ádám:

The Agrarian movement, the journal Köztelek and the USA (1892–1908)

In the late 1800s, when the USA became the leading economic and military power, a new Hungarian political group described as ‘agrarian’ began to look into American life, politics and economics. The Agrarians criticised the Hungarian governments for their exaggerated support granted to the industries and for ignoring the interests of the peasant population. The Agrarians refused to establish a political party of their own, and represented and popularised their values and ideas via their press. Their representative journal, Köztelek, took account of the foreign news in the areas of economic, social and agrarian science. This journal was specalised in the education of smallholders and reported on economic and political news from abroad. By examining the way Köztelek reflected on American life, one can establish that the Agrarian authors focused on three topics, including the American economy (agriculture, trade and transport), the way of life of farmers, and political tensions. Köztelek did not mention the Populist movement, the agrarian democratic movement in the USA, but it criticised the McKinley government which came to power in 1896.

Keywords: agrarian conservative, agriculture, democracy, farmer, Hungary, Köztelek, populism, press, United States